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d-m-hague(at)comcast.net Guest
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Posted: Sat Apr 07, 2007 12:27 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 04:11 AM 4/8/2007, Larry Cottrell wrote:
Quote: | Then one could safely surmise that you just enjoy being a "Devils
Advocate", or something painful like that! :-/
The most likely failure of any part in a Kolb is always going to be the brain.
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The design had me a little nervous, after looking at my own plane. This
discussion (which I didn't start) got me thinking about it... after
analyzing it I came to the conclusion (surprise, surprise) that Homer knew
what he was doing.
-Dana
--
--
The citizens of the United States are getting the government they deserve.
The problem is that I'm also getting the government they deserve.
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Paul Petty

Joined: 11 Jan 2006 Posts: 226 Location: Mississippi
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GeoR38
Joined: 25 Jan 2006 Posts: 60 Location: The Villages, fl
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Posted: Sat Apr 07, 2007 12:50 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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In a message dated 4/7/2007 4:08:38 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, WillUribe(at)aol.com writes:
Quote: | Greetings,
In the 11 years I have been a list member, every once in a while, I read with great amusement how people want to change Homer's design because they feel they can do a better job. IMHO nothing is going to just break if you build it to plans so stop worrying so much.
Regards,
Guillermo Uribe
FireStar II N4GU
El Paso, TX
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Um witcha !00% buddy!!
George Randolph
firestar driver from theVillages, Fl
See what's free at AOL.com.
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_________________ George Randolph
Firestar driver, The Villages, fl |
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flykolb(at)pa.net Guest
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Posted: Sat Apr 07, 2007 2:29 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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Re: Pins & some anecdotal evidence:
I recall a number of collisions, crashes and other instances where Kolbs
have come to unusually abrupt stops. I recall seeing the square tubing to
which the wing tabs are attached ripped in half - but I have never seen a
failed pin. So, for crash loading (and probably inflight loading as well)
you will probably have more productive time worrying about the strength of
the tube to which the pin is attached because it appears to be the weaker
link. Personally I have spent more time thinking about the safety pin
falling out or ... thinking if I actually installed the pin or not. When
you land and are putting the airplane away and find an unused safety pin ...
then you'll spend more time thinking / worrying about more worthwhile
things.
Dennis
Quote: | There are hundreds of Kolbs out there and there are even a few Kolbs that
have thousands of hours on them with in-flight loads over gross and the
has never been even a bent pin (from flight loads).
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flykolb(at)pa.net Guest
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d-m-hague(at)comcast.net Guest
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Posted: Sat Apr 07, 2007 4:53 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 04:41 PM 4/7/2007, Paul Petty wrote:
Quote: | ...If the tiny pin is so strong why are the struts so masive? And have 6
AN bolts in each one?
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I couldn't really say, not being familiar with the newer Kolbs... but I'd
guess that they're way stronger than they need to be in tension (normal
flight), but need to be that strong to handle compression (negative g's and
landing loads) without buckling.
Dunno 'bout the 6 AN bolts, perhaps to spread the load out on the thinwall
tubing?
-Dana
--
--
The citizens of the United States are getting the government they deserve.
The problem is that I'm also getting the government they deserve.
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jbhart(at)onlyinternet.ne Guest
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Posted: Sat Apr 07, 2007 7:11 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 05:06 PM 4/5/07 -0700, you wrote:
Michael,
I got to wondering what would be the load and stress condition on the strut
and main wing attachment pins for the FireFly. I took some measurements
from the FireFly. I found:
Distance from upper fuselage pin to end of wing - 10.5 feet
Distance from upper fuselage pin to upper strut pin - 3.83 feet
Angle of strut to wing - 45 degrees.
Assuming a gross weight of 500 pounds, one can simulate the loading by
placing a point load of 250 pounds at the center of the wing. Below is a
crude representation of the wing. "A" represents the upper fuselage pin.
"B" represents the upper strut pin(s). "L" is the lift concentrated at the
center of the wing over the main spar. We can get away with this because we
are interested in pin loads and not the stress distribution of the main
spar. "y-up" indicates the load pin is up, etc.
y-up y-up
A<----3.83'---->B<-1.42'->L<-------------5.25'------------|
y-down 250#
Summing the moments about Pin A gives:
5.25' x 250# - By x 3.83' = 0
By = 5.25x250/3.83 = 343#
Summing forces in Y gives Ay = 343 - 250 = 93# up
Looking at the strut attachment, we know it lies at a 45 degree angle.
Therefore we know that Bx has to have a value of 343 pounds. Multiplying by
the square root of two tells that the upper strut attachment pins must share
485 pounds and this total load must be carried by the single lower pin. The
upper wing support pin must with stand the square root of 93 squared plus
343 squared, which equals 355 pounds.
Therefore for a one g the loads are:
Wing fuselage attachment pin -> 355#
Upper wing strut pins -> 243# each
Lower wing strut pin -> 485#
The FireFly info states it was designed for 4 g yield and 6 g ultimate. For
the single lower strut 5/16 inch OD pin the corresponding loads would be
1,832# and 2,910#. Looking at the lower end structure the pin is supported
in a 9/16 inch wide clevis. Calculating the bending stress for the pin with
the load placed at the pin center calculates out to be 58,000 psi for 4 g
and 92,000 psi for 6 g. The minimum tensile stress values for 4130 is
75,000 psi yield and 95,000 psi ultimate. This indicates for the FireFly
there is a safe margin for the pin at 4 g with no deformation. If you want
to put it through 6 g the pin may deform but it is not likely to separate.
Never thought I would do this. But since the question came up and it is
cold and snowing, here it is. It all goes to show that if you are gentle in
the way you treat your FireFly, it will be kind to you too.
Jack B. Hart FF004
Winchester, IN
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possums(at)bellsouth.net Guest
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Posted: Sat Apr 07, 2007 9:40 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 12:23 AM 4/8/2007, you wrote:
Quote: |
At 05:06 PM 4/5/07 -0700, you wrote:
>
Michael,
I got to wondering what would be the load and stress condition on the
.(snip)...
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Quote: | main wing attachment pins for the FireFly. I took some measurements
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Give it a break guys, you are not going to break that pin in flight -
period...no way!
We have crashed Kolbs into the trees, ground, mashed them so flat (doing stupid
things) that the engine was crushed. Killed more than two guys doing
it - I shouldn't say that,
should I ? BUT "those" pins never failed - I don't think you could
make them fail "in flight".
It's way easier to find something else to look for. Control linkages
or something
like that. If nothing else look at your elevator linkage. I could
land without ailerons,
without a rudder, etc. Maybe without the elevator - been practicing
with the trottle.
Sorry about the "Easter Bunny" thing if it offended anybody .just a
funny picture.
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jbhart(at)onlyinternet.ne Guest
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Posted: Sun Apr 08, 2007 4:43 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 01:39 AM 4/8/07 -0400, you wrote:
Quote: |
Sorry about the "Easter Bunny" thing if it offended anybody .just a
funny picture.
Possum,
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Suspected pin failure?
Jack B. Hart FF004
Winchester, IN
do not archive
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d-m-hague(at)comcast.net Guest
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Posted: Sun Apr 08, 2007 5:08 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 12:23 AM 4/8/2007, Jack B. Hart wrote:
Quote: | ...Calculating the bending stress for the pin with
the load placed at the pin center calculates out to be 58,000 psi for 4 g
and 92,000 psi for 6 g. The minimum tensile stress values for 4130 is
75,000 psi yield and 95,000 psi ultimate. This indicates for the FireFly
there is a safe margin for the pin at 4 g with no deformation. If you want
to put it through 6 g the pin may deform but it is not likely to separate...
|
Just two comments: Clevis pins and AN bolts are typically heat treated to
125 ksi ultimate... but you must also figure the 1.5 safety factor.
-Dana
--
--
The citizens of the United States are getting the government they deserve.
The problem is that I'm also getting the government they deserve.
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ul15rhb(at)juno.com Guest
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captainron1(at)cox.net Guest
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Posted: Sun Apr 08, 2007 8:40 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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Good analysis Jack. I don't know about others but I like to see hard math solutions. One question though, the pin itself is about .25 in diameter that would take down the psi value by .75 wouldn't it? I have often seen that and just as often thought that if its predicated on per square inch then when using a fastener a fraction of a square inch then the strength value should be adjusted accordingly. So if you would what is the real sheer value, or the bend tolerance value of the pin using the math. I am also wondering about SS fasteners. In several places I replaced AN bolts with SS bolts. I think I came across somewhere in the past that standard SS fasteners are stronger in all respects than AN fasteners. Would you know anything about that? I can't remember where to look up those values.
Ron (Arizona)
=========================
---- "Jack B. Hart" <jbhart(at)onlyinternet.net> wrote:
=============
--> Kolb-List message posted by: "Jack B. Hart" <jbhart(at)onlyinternet.net>
At 05:06 PM 4/5/07 -0700, you wrote:
Quote: | --> Kolb-List message posted by: "JetPilot" <orcabonita(at)hotmail.com>
|
Michael,
I got to wondering what would be the load and stress condition on the strut
and main wing attachment pins for the FireFly. I took some measurements
from the FireFly. I found:
Distance from upper fuselage pin to end of wing - 10.5 feet
Distance from upper fuselage pin to upper strut pin - 3.83 feet
Angle of strut to wing - 45 degrees.
Assuming a gross weight of 500 pounds, one can simulate the loading by
placing a point load of 250 pounds at the center of the wing. Below is a
crude representation of the wing. "A" represents the upper fuselage pin.
"B" represents the upper strut pin(s). "L" is the lift concentrated at the
center of the wing over the main spar. We can get away with this because we
are interested in pin loads and not the stress distribution of the main
spar. "y-up" indicates the load pin is up, etc.
y-up y-up
A<----3.83'---->B<-1.42'->L<-------------5.25'------------|
y-down 250#
Summing the moments about Pin A gives:
5.25' x 250# - By x 3.83' = 0
By = 5.25x250/3.83 = 343#
Summing forces in Y gives Ay = 343 - 250 = 93# up
Looking at the strut attachment, we know it lies at a 45 degree angle.
Therefore we know that Bx has to have a value of 343 pounds. Multiplying by
the square root of two tells that the upper strut attachment pins must share
485 pounds and this total load must be carried by the single lower pin. The
upper wing support pin must with stand the square root of 93 squared plus
343 squared, which equals 355 pounds.
Therefore for a one g the loads are:
Wing fuselage attachment pin -> 355#
Upper wing strut pins -> 243# each
Lower wing strut pin -> 485#
The FireFly info states it was designed for 4 g yield and 6 g ultimate. For
the single lower strut 5/16 inch OD pin the corresponding loads would be
1,832# and 2,910#. Looking at the lower end structure the pin is supported
in a 9/16 inch wide clevis. Calculating the bending stress for the pin with
the load placed at the pin center calculates out to be 58,000 psi for 4 g
and 92,000 psi for 6 g. The minimum tensile stress values for 4130 is
75,000 psi yield and 95,000 psi ultimate. This indicates for the FireFly
there is a safe margin for the pin at 4 g with no deformation. If you want
to put it through 6 g the pin may deform but it is not likely to separate.
Never thought I would do this. But since the question came up and it is
cold and snowing, here it is. It all goes to show that if you are gentle in
the way you treat your FireFly, it will be kind to you too.
Jack B. Hart FF004
Winchester, IN
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kolb-List
--
kugelair.com
[quote][b]
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d-m-hague(at)comcast.net Guest
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Posted: Sun Apr 08, 2007 10:06 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 12:40 PM 4/8/2007, Ron wrote:
Quote: | One question though, the pin itself is about .25 in diameter that would take down the psi value by .75 wouldn't it? I have often seen that and just as often thought that if its predicated on per square inch then when using a fastener a fraction of a square inch then the strength value should be adjusted accordingly. So if you would what is the real sheer value, or the bend tolerance value of the pin using the math. |
Two points: First, the tables giving the rated strength of AN fasteners list the actual strength (tensile or shear) of that particular fastener, in pounds, so no calculation is necessary. If you *were* doing the calculation, you'd figure the cross sectional area; for a 1/4" diameter pin the area is 0.049 inē.
For bending it's a different situation. The tables don't list this (since bolts aren't supposed to be loaded in bending). In this case you have to treat it as a little beam, figuring the length, loads, diameter, and moment of inertia to calculate the actual stress.
A pin or bolt that's double the diameter has 4X the tensile or shear strength, and 8X the bending strength.
-Dana
-Dana
Quote: | I am also wondering about SS fasteners. In several places I replaced AN bolts with SS bolts. I think I came across somewhere in the past that standard SS fasteners are stronger in all respects than AN fasteners. Would you know anything about that? I can't remember where to look up those values.
Ron (Arizona)
=========================
---- "Jack B. Hart" <jbhart(at)onlyinternet.net> wrote:
=============
--> Kolb-List message posted by: "Jack B. Hart" <jbhart(at)onlyinternet.net>
At 05:06 PM 4/5/07 -0700, you wrote:
>--> Kolb-List message posted by: "JetPilot" <orcabonita(at)hotmail.com>
Michael,
I got to wondering what would be the load and stress condition on the strut
and main wing attachment pins for the FireFly. I took some measurements
from the FireFly. I found:
Distance from upper fuselage pin to end of wing - 10.5 feet
Distance from upper fuselage pin to upper strut pin - 3.83 feet
Angle of strut to wing - 45 degrees.
Assuming a gross weight of 500 pounds, one can simulate the loading by
placing a point load of 250 pounds at the center of the wing. Below is a
crude representation of the wing. "A" represents the upper fuselage pin.
"B" represents the upper strut pin(s). "L" is the lift concentrated at the
center of the wing over the main spar. We can get away with this because we
are interested in pin loads and not the stress distribution of the main
spar. "y-up" indicates the load pin is up, etc.
y-up y-up
A<----3.83'---->B<-1.42'->L<-------------5.25'------------|
y-down 250#
Summing the moments about Pin A gives:
5.25' x 250# - By x 3.83' = 0
By = 5.25x250/3.83 = 343#
Summing forces in Y gives Ay = 343 - 250 = 93# up
Looking at the strut attachment, we know it lies at a 45 degree angle.
Therefore we know that Bx has to have a value of 343 pounds. Multiplying by
the square root of two tells that the upper strut attachment pins must share
485 pounds and this total load must be carried by the single lower pin. The
upper wing support pin must with stand the square root of 93 squared plus
343 squared, which equals 355 pounds.
Therefore for a one g the loads are:
Wing fuselage attachment pin -> 355#
Upper wing strut pins -> 243# each
Lower wing strut pin -> 485#
The FireFly info states it was designed for 4 g yield and 6 g ultimate. For
the single lower strut 5/16 inch OD pin the corresponding loads would be
1,832# and 2,910#. Looking at the lower end structure the pin is supported
in a 9/16 inch wide clevis. Calculating the bending stress for the pin with
the load placed at the pin center calculates out to be 58,000 psi for 4 g
and 92,000 psi for 6 g. The minimum tensile stress values for 4130 is
75,000 psi yield and 95,000 psi ultimate. This indicates for the FireFly
there is a safe margin for the pin at 4 g with no deformation. If you want
to put it through 6 g the pin may deform but it is not likely to separate.
Never thought I would do this. But since the question came up and it is
cold and snowing, here it is. It all goes to show that if you are gentle in
the way you treat your FireFly, it will be kind to you too.
Jack B. Hart FF004
Winchester, IN
http://www.matronics.com/Navigator?Kolb-List
--
kugelair.com
|
--
--
The citizens of the United States are getting the government they deserve. The problem is that I'm also getting the government they deserve. [quote][b]
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jbhart(at)onlyinternet.ne Guest
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Posted: Sun Apr 08, 2007 1:11 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 09:04 AM 4/8/07 -0400, you wrote:
Quote: |
Just two comments: Clevis pins and AN bolts are typically heat treated to
125 ksi ultimate... but you must also figure the 1.5 safety factor.
|
Dana,
In the analysis I used there was a built in fudge factor, in that I did not
remove the weight of the wing. The upper pins support only that weight of
the structure attached to the wing. Assuming each wing weighs 30 pounds (I
have never weighed one), the one g pin loads would be reduced.
Therefore the one g loads change from => to:
Wing fuselage attachment pin -> 355# => 312#
Upper wing strut pins -> 243# each => 214#
Lower wing strut pin -> 485# => 427#
The 4g/6g load on the lower strut pin would be 1708#/2562# and the
corresponding pin bending stress would be 54,100psi/81,100psi.
On heat treated bolts the yield strength moves higher toward the ultimate
strength. Assuming 0.7 x 125,000 = 88,500 psi is the yield strength, the
lower pin is not loaded beyond the elastic limit. Both of the 4g/6g
stresses give a greater than 1.5 safety factor (1.64/1.54).
If the pin size was reduced from 5/16 to 1/4 inch OD, the 4g/6g pin stress
would be 78,200psi/117,300psi. The safety factor calculates out to
1.13/1.07.
Jack B. Hart FF004
Winchester, IN
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d-m-hague(at)comcast.net Guest
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slyck(at)frontiernet.net Guest
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Posted: Sun Apr 08, 2007 4:37 pm Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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I too don't worry about the pins breaking. Falling out maybe.
Although my plane is parked near the house in the summer
it IS out of view. I am perhaps a little paranoid about the safety
pins and possible brainless pranksters, so I make a
point of either feeling or viewing each and every pin at each
preflight. Since I never fold them I will most likely go
to regular threaded pins soon. My only modification has been a splop
of clear RTV at the lower strut attach to stop
the taxi rattles. It pulls off easily when the struts are removed in
the winter.
BTW, a snap roll, performed at near stall and providing you have
enough rudder to get it to go, doesn't stress anything much.
-Maybe the pilot? The worst that can happen is you will be
looking at the ground through the front. window.
BB do not archive
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Dennis.Kirby(at)kirtland. Guest
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Posted: Mon Apr 09, 2007 7:53 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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"Dennis Souder" said: << Personally I have spent more time thinking if I
actually installed the pin or not. When you land and are putting the
airplane away and find an unused safety pin ... Dennis >>
Friends - I am not proud to admit that this has happened to me, sometime
in my first year of flying my newly-completed Kolb.
I was folding my wings up, following an hour's flight one morning.
Noticed the wing spar clevis pin was in place, but I had apparently
forgotten to install the safety pin. Talk about a shock! Stood there
staring at the pin, dumbstruck, for several minutes. Luckily, the pin
stayed right in place the whole flight.
I have since renewed my focus during my preflight inspections. Mental
attitude and discipline are important contributors here.
Dennis Kirby
Happy to be here to tell you this story, in
Cedar Crest, NM
Do not archive
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Ed in JXN
Joined: 24 Mar 2006 Posts: 122
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Posted: Mon Apr 09, 2007 8:28 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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Michael/All,
I'm very concerned with any 'shade-tree/TLAR (that looks about
right)' engineering on any of Homer's designs unless you have some
aeronautical engineering expertise or someone onboard who does. There's no
history of the parts failing, so why the concern?
Ed in JXN
MkII/503
---
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ul15rhb(at)juno.com Guest
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Posted: Mon Apr 09, 2007 8:33 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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I have heard of two kolbs being flown without the nut on the TE wing
bolt (on the universal joint). One of these guys was a buddy of mine
and I personally witnessed seeing no nut on the wing joint. He
turned "white as a sheet" when I pointed that out to him. He had just
returned from a 150-mile trip. He had the wings off prior to the trip
and forgot to put on the nut.
Another buddy flew his Firestar without the aileron pinned into the
horn. He said it flew fine on one aileron.
Ralph
-- "Kirby Dennis Contr MDA/AL" <Dennis.Kirby(at)kirtland.af.mil> wrote:
<Dennis.Kirby(at)kirtland.af.mil>
"Dennis Souder" said: << Personally I have spent more time thinking
if I
actually installed the pin or not. When you land and are putting the
airplane away and find an unused safety pin ... Dennis >>
Friends - I am not proud to admit that this has happened to me,
sometime
in my first year of flying my newly-completed Kolb.
I was folding my wings up, following an hour's flight one morning.
Noticed the wing spar clevis pin was in place, but I had apparently
forgotten to install the safety pin. Talk about a shock! Stood there
staring at the pin, dumbstruck, for several minutes. Luckily, the pin
stayed right in place the whole flight.
I have since renewed my focus during my preflight inspections. Mental
attitude and discipline are important contributors here.
Dennis Kirby
Happy to be here to tell you this story, in
Cedar Crest, NM
Do not archive
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d-m-hague(at)comcast.net Guest
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Posted: Mon Apr 09, 2007 8:50 am Post subject: Kolb Wing Attach Points |
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At 12:32 PM 4/9/2007, Ralph wrote:
Quote: | Another buddy flew his Firestar without the aileron pinned into the
horn. He said it flew fine on one aileron.
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I'll bet there was a bit of adverse yaw when rolling towards the
disconnected side, though!
-Dana
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The problem is that I'm also getting the government they deserve.
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